Remove the membrane from the back of the ribs. This is important for tenderness! Slide a knife under the membrane and pull it off with a paper towel for better grip.

In a small bowl, mix together the brown sugar, paprika, garlic powder, onion powder, cayenne pepper, salt, and black pepper to create a dry rub.

Apply the dry rub generously to both sides of the ribs, pressing it in to adhere well.

Pour water or apple juice into the Instant Pot. Add liquid smoke if using.

Place the trivet inside the Instant Pot. Curl the ribs around the inside of the pot, standing them on edge with the meatier side facing outward. You may need to cut the racks in half to fit properly.

Secure the Instant Pot lid and set the valve to sealing position. Cook on High Pressure for 25 minutes for tender ribs, or 30 minutes for fall-off-the-bone texture.

When cooking is complete, allow for a 10-minute natural pressure release, then carefully release any remaining pressure.

While the Instant Pot is releasing pressure, preheat your oven broiler.

Carefully transfer the cooked ribs to a foil-lined baking sheet, meat side up.

Brush ribs generously with BBQ sauce and place under the broiler for 3-5 minutes until the sauce caramelizes and creates a delicious crust. Watch closely to prevent burning!

Remove from oven, allow to rest for 5 minutes, then cut between the bones to serve.